Anti-Fascist Solidarity Movements and Political Memory in Authoritarian Chile, 1970-1980s
This paper is an introduction to my book on memory practices in Chile, 1970-2025. I begin with a story about my aunt Dr. Amy Conger, whose life and work in Chile is at the center of my analysis of Chile during and after the dictatorship (1973-1990). Her story provides an entry into my broader analysis of Cold War-era internationalism, or international solidarity, during democratically-elected, socialist Salvador Allende’s presidency (1970-1973) and during the subsequent military dictatorship (1973-1990). In particular, I focus on the organized Left’s resistance, as this is the context in which Amy Conger’s political work took place. Her story also offers an entry point to reflect on political memory practices in Chile over the past 50+ years. There are many examples of how memory practices centered on state authoritarianism and violence (e.g., reparative acts of memorialization, art and visual cultures, social/cultural movements), reflect what was learned from groups actively opposed to fascism, over 30,000 of whom were disappeared, imprisoned, tortured, and/or executed (some estimate over 50,000).
Conceptually, I emphasize how Chilean (and other) scholars have developed a theory of violence and power as embedded in postcolonial governance, economic development, affect, and space. I ask, what can we learn from these earlier struggles, which took place during a time of extreme polarity and state oppression? Later in my book project, I also ask, how do these memories of the nation’s past inform, impede, and sometimes transform contemporary understandings of the nation’s future? As I weave personal storytelling into a broader analysis of anti-authoritarian resistance and memory practices, I take up questions of method, interpretation, viewpoint, and truth.
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Amy Lind is a 2024-25 Taft Center Fellow and a scholar of politics and women’s, gender, and sexuality studies. She has specialized in Andean politics and epistemes, global governance, international political economy, critical development studies, transnational feminisms, and queer/cuir decolonial and indigenous studies. She is the author of Gendered Paradoxes: Women’s Movements and the Politics of Global Development in Ecuador (Penn State Press 2005) and editor of four anthologies including Development, Sexual Rights and Global Governance (Routledge 2010). She is the author of numerous articles, book chapters, and editorials, including a forthcoming chapter on plurinational politics in Ecuador in María Lugones and Patrick Crowley, eds. Decolonial Thinking: Resistant Meanings and Communal Other-Sense (Indiana UP 2025). Currently she is Co-Editor-in-Chief of the International Feminist Journal of Politics.
Margaret Power is a professor of history who focuses on Latin America, women, and gender. Her earlier work explored why a large number of Chilean women opposed the socialist government of Salvador Allende (1970-73) and supported the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990). She also explored various expressions of the global and transnational Right. She recently co-authored a book on Norvelt, a New Deal community in southwest Pennsylvania named for Eleanor Roosevelt. She is currently writing a book titled Solidarity across the Americas: The Puerto Rican Nationalist Party vs. U.S. Colonialism.